Lecture: Gianna Fabi & Alessandra Spagnolo
CNR – Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Ancona -
Italy
g.fabi@ismar.cnr.i
a.spagnolo@ismar.cnr.it
Overview on the artificial reef programs in Europe
Artificial reefs have been placed in European waters over a 40-year period, mainly for habitat protection and sustaining regional fisheries. The most recent reviews on artificial reefs in Europe were published in 2000 and 2002 and were mainly based on data collected in the European Artificial Reef Research Network (EARRN) financially supported by the European Commission. At that time ARs existed at least in 13 Countries. Since then, further development has occurred both for the increase of ARs deployment in a few Countries where they already existed, especially in the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Greece, Italy, Spain), and for the beginning of this activity in others (e.g. Sweden) which had not yet placed specific artificial structures before.
The present paper reviews the current status of ARs programs in the European Countries and some neighbouring States with a focus on purposes, strategies, results and, where possible, future developments.